Egypt Wheat Import 2026 Market Overview & Trends

Egypt's wheat import value reached a five-year peak of $4.44 billion in 2024. Despite this increase in value, total imported quantities have plummeted from 11.2 billion units in 2020 to 130 million in 2024. This divergence indicates a sharp rise in unit prices and significant shifts in the global supply chain dynamics affecting the Egyptian market.

Russia is the dominant supplier to Egypt, with an export value of $3.05 billion in 2024, representing the vast majority of the market share. Ukraine follows as the second-largest partner at $595 million, while Romania, Bulgaria, and France contribute smaller shares, highlighting Egypt's heavy reliance on Black Sea wheat sources.

Moldova and Bulgaria are leading the way as high-growth emerging partners, with growth rates of 2.94 and 2.08 respectively. While their total values are lower than Russia's, their rapid expansion suggests a strategic effort by Egypt to diversify its wheat procurement and reduce dependency on traditional major suppliers.

The market is heavily concentrated in durum wheat (HS 100110), which accounted for over $4.40 billion in 2024. Other wheat varieties and seeds (HS 100190) represent a marginal fraction of the total trade value at $33.4 million, emphasizing the critical importance of durum wheat to Egypt’s food security.